A comparative appraisal of the resilience of marine social-ecological systems to mass mortalities of bivalves
Abstract
n many parts of the world, both wild and cultured populations of bivalves have been struck by mass mortality episodes
because of climatic and anthropogenic stressors whose causes and consequences are not always clearly understood. Such outbreaks
have resulted in a range of responses from the social (fishers or farmers) and governing systems. We analyzed six commercial bivalve
industries affected by mass mortalities using I-ADApT, a decision support framework to assess the impacts and consequences of these
perturbations on the natural, social, and governing systems, and the consequent responses of stakeholders to these events. We propose
a multidimensional resilience framework to assess resilience along the natural, social, and governing axes and to compare adaptive
responses and their likelihood of success. The social capital and governability of the local communities were key factors affecting the
communities’ resilience and adaptation to environmental changes, but the rapid degradation of natural ecosystems puts the bivalve
industry under a growing threat. Bivalve mariculture and fishing industries are likely to experience increased frequency, severity, and
prevalence of such mass mortality events if the resilience of the natural systems is not improved. An understanding of previous
adaptation processes can inform strategies for building adaptive capacity to future events.
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