Thoracic and cutaneous sarcoid-like reaction associated with anti-PD-1 therapy: longitudinal monitoring of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression after stopping treatment
Résumé
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) target T cell inhibitory pathways that are responsible for cancer tolerance by down-modulating immune functions. ICI have revolutionized patients care with lung cancer. Nevertheless, restoring endogenous antitumor T-cell responses can induce immune related adverse events, such as sarcoidosis.
Case presentation: We report here the first case of a thoracic and cutaneous sarcoid-like reaction in a patient with a
relapsing unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with nivolumab, an anti-PD-1 mAb. The expression
of PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, was assessed by flow cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells
(PBMC) and compared to patients who had discontinued nivolumab therapy without having developed any immune
related adverse events. PD-L1 expression was transiently increased on B cells, T cells and monocytes, whereas PD-L2
expression was not modulated. PD-1 was transiently undetectable when PD-L1 was maximal, before returning to basal
level. Sarcoidosis spontaneously resolved, without corticotherapy.
Conclusion: This case sheds the light on a complex regulation of PD-L1 expression in vivo on PBMC after nivolumab
arrest and triggers the question of monitoring the expression of immune checkpoint on immune cells during and after
treatment with ICI.
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